Ethical Leadership: What It Is and How We Use It in Schools Essay

With regards to the current century, when the whole course of life is changing a lot quicker than any time in recent memory, quickly expanding collection of information in different social statuses has made littler issues look amplified. Today, what is considered as a most significant essential of an arrangement or system might not have even been seen in the previous days. Accordingly, training is one space where difficulties of the here and now of decent variety are felt more than in some other zone. In this way instructive administration and initiative is one region that gets a decent arrangement of insightful consideration. With regards to administration, moral authority starts to lead the pack since today initiative in schools is something profoundly testing because of the various condition of social assorted variety, etc. The current paper cautiously analyzes the marvel of moral authority, and afterward causes observational examination as how it to can be utilized helpfully in schools for better results. For this reason, the current paper considers broad exploration with respect to moral initiative in schools. Today, the requirement for investigating the marvel of moral initiative in a scholastic domain has become a need particularly for those working at such positions: principals and instructors. The current author is an educator and thinks about that the investigation of moral administration is profoundly significant for proficient development and considerable outcomes with respect to preparing of understudies being instructed at any degree of schools. This examination, from now on, is valuable for proficient instructors, however it additionally incorporates justification for other related individuals in the field. It will likewise be advantageous for the regular peruser. Issue Statement On the presumptive worth, the wonder of moral authority stays an unpredictable territory which needs investigation for its better understanding and suggestion in reasonable manners in a school or school, and so forth. For instance, what is known from the detectable practices of pioneers like principals and instructors may not be adequate to stamp any strong proclamation as to the definition and ramifications of moral initiative. Notwithstanding, this is another hazy area to bring up that noticeable practices have not been completely examined in such manner. Various acts of initiative, state over the instructive setting of the United States of America, exist and should be deciphered for a complete investigation of morals and the utilization of morals to lead. As such it is imperative to address both these zones. From the express meaning of clarification of what moral authority is to how it tends to be best rehearsed to emphatically impact a scholarly situation is at the center of the issue. Various analysts have just dove into this territory; be that as it may, additionally burrowing is required. The current paper takes a gander at the issues from both the sides: from its clarification to its execution in most ideal conditions. Writing Review Available writing on moral administration yields a decent arrangement of data. The Concise Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Craig, p. 256, 2000) states the accompanying clarification for morals: â€Å"What is morals? In the first place, the frameworks of significant worth and exclusively launched in the lives of specific gatherings of individuals are portrayed as the morals of these groups†. This definition reveals to us that moral authority is about practices that pioneers practice with respect to understudies concentrating in their organizations. It implies not only controlling the physical activities of the students yet affecting their qualities and customs in a positive manner. To Campbell (2000), â€Å"Ethics are norms by which one should act dependent on values. Qualities are center convictions, for example, obligation, respect, and respectability that persuade perspectives and actions† (p. 23). All things considered, moral initiative is something that targets tending to the issues of perspectives and strikes ethically the mentalities of laborers and understudies in such a way which decidedly incites elevated level of inspiration. As per Covrig, D. M. 2000), moral initiative â€Å"is the act of compelling moral dynamic and authority which reacts to, jelly and explains the organization’s guiding principle. Struggle and compromise recommend a sound good authoritative process† (p. 40). On the off chance that we take a gander at this definition, we will see that safeguarding and explaining an organization ’s basic beliefs is one significant factor that props the moral authority up. As such one just perceptible point here is that an association, state a school, will possibly hold fast to its basic beliefs just when these qualities are very much characterized and logged. In the event that the qualities are not very much characterized, no exertion will bring about safeguarding any worth in light of the fact that, as per the current author, there won't be any qualities worth referencing. This will, thus, give no positive criticism for the act of moral administration. Sergiovanni (1992) characterizes morals in the accompanying way: When reason, implicit agreement, and neighborhood school independence become the premise of tutoring, two significant things occur. The school is changed from an association to a covenantal network, and the premise of power changes from an accentuation on bureaucratic and mental position to moral power (p. 102). Encourage (1986) called attention to the genuine ramifications and criticalness of morals in instructive administration as he wrote that, â€Å"Each managerial choice conveys with it a rebuilding of human life: that is the reason organization at its heart is the goals of good dilemmas† (p. 33). This definition again advises us regarding the significance of managing esteems and good code of understudies as opposed to controlling them apparently so evident premise of character can be cultivated. The moral authority additionally addresses the pretended by staff and educators. This is a switch-over from customary perspectives about administration since they are just top-down. They think about impact regarding a mechanical procedure. Hashem (1997) sees that â€Å"The traditional administration ideas and practices which depend on top-down way of thinking, conclusiveness, dispassionate, and all out control have been tested by the transformational idea and all the more enabling practices† (p. 94). With regards to moral authority, ‘what is to be accomplished? ’ is the inquiry regularly posed by the basic eyes. The reason for moral initiative is to seed in understudies the certainty to manufacture or build information truly by tending to their common requests. Subsequently moral administration is constructivist in approach. As indicated by Henson (2004) by this methodology, understudies develop information through the procedure in which a cooperation between their observation about their insight and new information and thoughts and encounters that go to their method of learning. Along these lines the understudies practice most noteworthy conceivable model of moral realizing which is conceivable just if pioneers practice moral code to prepare their understudies. Introductory exploration worth-seeing around there joins as back to the past as the 1980s. Forty exactly directed investigations were looked into by Reid et al. 2004). They explored the effect of school heads on various parts of students’ working and teacher’s exercises. With respect to the initiative effect on understudies, they discovered uplifting perspectives of understudies to class, better scientific and understanding abilities, and non-attendance + vandalism were diminished. As to the effect of school pioneers on instructors, Reid at el. discovered that teachers’ fulfillment for work expanded; they utilized creative procedures in study hall. Furthermore, seven examinations were led by Majestic et al. 2004). These investigations additionally assert that authority by principals in schools decidedly affected students’ essential learning aptitudes and teachers’ mentality toward work fulfillment and work of development by them in homeroom settings. In any case, the analysts likewise concocted four extra sorts of effects. Andrews et al. (2002) likewise attempted an investigation in which they dissected scores picked up by understudies on state administered tests to inspect the impact of school pioneers. Instructors evaluated the ir principals on a band of solid, normal, and powerless pioneers. The discoveries introduced high connections between's what was accomplished and how solid moral authority of these pioneers was in both numerical and understanding abilities. Four significant territories were recorded in this investigation, which were straightforwardly or by implication compelling for the quality of moral administration. These were: (I) activation of human and material capital by principals to meet school’s targets; (ii) successful correspondence as to arranging the set-objectives; (iii) their dynamic inclusion in school’s showing practices; and (iv) the time range that these principals spent to make their quality known at school. These four territories are persuasive if the pioneers are at the highest point of the lattice, that is, on the off chance that they are attempting their level best to perform better in these four regions. To the extent faithfulness of instructors concerning their encouraging practices and authority impact down to understudies, the principals who had the capacity to address the ethical issues of both the staff and understudies were effective in achieving more elevated level of reliability from their educators (Spillane, 2004). All things considered, various school organizations have come to understand the significance of moral initiative just like the integral asset that can yield higher outcomes in understudies as to their learning as well as to the higher request thinking and good quality of these understudies as forthcoming individual residents. Presently the center ought to be the manner by which adequately these moral heads influence the course of learning of their understudies regarding the above just as in the current setting of evolving societies, social osmoses, self-idea in the quick paced world, feeling of network administration, etc. This ought to be our future schools (H

Social Media Has a Negative Effect on Body Image and Self Esteem Essay Example For Students

Internet based life Has a Negative Effect on Body Image and Self Esteem Essay Internet based life has gotten one of the most well known wellsprings of correspondence for the forthcoming age. For youngsters experiencing childhood in today’s society, online life outlets, for example, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter have given pictures and news that have become the primary thing that their eyes find toward the beginning of the day and the exact opposite thing that they see before bed. These photos have given unreasonable guidelines with respect to what is viewed as excellent in today’s society. As youngsters allude to these pictures as a type of correlation, it has made destructive conditions. These effects on the lives of youngsters have constrained them to take outrageous measures and sometimes, has been the reason for death. Web based life in today’s society has demonstrated to negatively affect the way youngsters, explicitly females, see their bodies. Ridiculous excellence measures, perilous correlations and clutters have all been an outc ome to the expansion in online networking and the effect that it has on the lives of youngsters. To start, web based life has made unreasonable guidelines for youngsters, particularly females. Being barraged by pictures of females wearing swimming outfits or insignificant attire that embodies their â€Å"perfect† bodies, hunching down an incredible measure of weight at an exercise center while being gaped at by the other gender or of supermodels presenting with some of life’s most alluring things has made a standard that numerous youngsters feel they have to satisfy. On the off chance that this standard isn’t came to, at that point it is accepted that they themselves are not satisfying the standards or the â€Å"standards† and afterward along these lines, they are not delightful. The article Culture, Beauty and Therapeutic Alliance examines the manner by which females are barraged with media messages beginning at a youthful age. On page 81 of this article, Carneiro et.al (2013) states that the romanticized ladies in today’s society are â€Å" white, thin, vulnerable, youthful, female, and submissive.† (p. 81) These norms are obviously spoken to in internet based life. From accounts on Instagram that empower things, for example, thigh holes, unfortunate wellness norms and sexual experiences, it’s engrained in the minds of youngsters that they should appear as though this so as to be effective and wanted. This article additionally talks about the manner in which negative measures are spoken to through things, for example, Barbie Dolls, which encompasses youthful females with unreasonable desires and makes and romanticized standard that is indeed, not perfect. (Carniero, 2013, p. 82) From the norms that are made through today’s web based life, it has made it another subculture and for certain individuals, another lifestyle. Because of the expansion in ubiquity of online networking, today’s age is shelled with unreasonable guidelines with regards to excellence. At the point when youngsters today first turn on their cellphones, as a general rule, they allude to an online networking website. Regardless of whether it’s the ever-mainstream Instagram, where individuals can post pictures and devotees can â€Å"like† to show their endorsement or post remarks. Or on the other hand, regardless of whether it’s Twitter, where individuals can post clever or motivating or enlightening things for their adherents to see and can be retweeted or favourited. Or on the other hand they could tap on the little blue Facebook symbol, where the entirety of the above can occur. These are probably the most well known web based life outlets today since youngsters are welcomed with moment delight. From likes, to top picks to retweets, these things represent power, expert sometimes and the most essential to youngsters today, endorsement. This need and want to be â€Å"wanted† by their companions in an on the web and shallow way has made another and separate subculture with regards to youngsters. In the article Women’s Exposure to thin-and-lovely Media Images: Body picture impacts of media perfect disguise and effect decrease developments (2005), the writers, Yamamiya et al. express that the normal ladies wants to be an inexorably littler size than in earlier years. (p.74) This demonstrates individuals, particularly young ladies, in today’s society have made another perfect with regards to the manner in which magnificence is seen and the expansion in web based life could be said thanks to for this. This article composed by Yamamiya et al. (2005) additionally presents some disturbing insights, to such an extent that â€Å"even a 5 min introduction to thin-and-delightful media pictures brings about a more negative self-perception state than does presentation to pi ctures of impartial articles, especially among young ladies with high media-perfect disguise levels and social examination tendencies.† (Yamamiya et al. , 2005, p.78) These insights demonstrate that all the pessimistic introduction of the female (and male) body via web-based networking media outlets truly has an unfavorable impact on the lives of youngsters. By being continually presented to these pictures and messages, it has made hazardous and now and then life changing results. .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 , .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 .postImageUrl , .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 , .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284:hover , .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284:visited , .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284:active { border:0!important; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284:active , .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uafd78f63fcbbf5 2946d19d82084e8284 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uafd78f63fcbbf52946d19d82084e8284:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Essay on The Impact of Social Media Upon RelationshipsAs introduced, online networking unmistakably has negatively affected the manner in which youngsters see their bodies. Because of these norms and the constrain set on youngsters to look a specific way, it has made numerous individuals resort to extraordinary estimates, for example, outrageous yoyo abstaining from excessive food intake, dietary issues and sometimes, plastic medical procedure. These are clearly exceptionally extraordinary, and now and again, lethal. Dietary problems, for example, bulimia nervosa and anorexia have both become common issue in today’s societ y. It appears as though any place anybody goes, accounts of individuals who persevere through these disarranges consistently are examined. As per Derenne and Beresin’s article Body picture, media, and dietary issues, they express that dietary issues, for example, the ones referenced above have been coming into the bleeding edge all the more as of late because of the increments in the entrance to media and all the more explicitly, internet based life. This article likewise examines the emotional builds that are occurring right now with regards to the insights of individuals who guarantee to have or have had any of the previously mentioned scatters. (Derenne Bersesin, 2006, p. 256) The expansion in these insights is clearly not a solid thing for youngsters or for society in general. This expansion additionally is a key factor in the making of another subculture, as referenced previously. This is on the grounds that as individuals begin to utilize undesirable techniques to accom plish bodies that are not â€Å"average†, it makes another standard. What's more, due to this new standard, others who see these pictures that are posted via web-based networking media outlets, for example, Instagram, Facebook and Twitter and attempt to modify their bodies to copy what they see. This is an endless loop that frequently brings about individuals depending on unfortunate strategies, for example, eating fewer carbs and in outrageous cases, dietary issues, for example, bulimia nervosa, anorexia and gorging. Generally speaking, through the assessment and examination of these specific articles, obviously web-based social networking in today’s society has demonstrated to negatively affect the way youngsters, explicitly females, see their bodies. Web based life outlets, for example, Instagram, which presentations pictures that are posted by individuals who consequently, expect â€Å"likes†. Twitter, which permits individuals to present up on 140 characters to communicate how they’re feeling or what’s at the forefront of their thoughts and Facebook, which is a blend of the two of the previously mentioned have majorly affected the live of youngsters. These social networki

How Anxiety May Affect Your Relationships

How Anxiety May Affect Your Relationships GAD Coping Print How Anxiety May Affect Your Relationships Are You Overly Dependent or Avoidant? By William Meek Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 27, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 05, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Noel Hendrickson / Digital Vision / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Being Overly Dependent Combating Dependence Being Avoidant Combating Avoidance Treating Your Anxiety View All Having  generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)  can negatively impact many aspects of your life, including your relationships. Here are two specific ways in which your anxiety can lead to problems maintaining connections with others, as well as strategies you can implement (under the guidance of a mental health professional) to help you navigate these unhealthy attachment patterns. Being Overly Dependent Some people with GAD have an intense desire for closeness to their partners (or friend), depending on them constantly for support and reassurance. Along with being overly dependent, people with GAD may find themselves prone to overthinking, planning for all worst-case scenarios, being indecisive, fearing rejection, and seeking out constant communication (and getting anxious if a partner or friend does not respond quickly).?? People with GAD and overly dependent relationships may also struggle with anger toward those they feel dependent on, acting out in ways that are destructive to their relationships. Combating Problematic Dependency If you find yourself developing overly dependent attachments, developing ways to cope with your anxiety and relying more on yourself for feeling better can take the pressure off your partner or friend. For instance, if you find yourself becoming angry or suspicious in these relationships, first remind yourself that this may  be fueled by your anxiety. Then, take a few moments to think about any hard data (facts) that support your worry to try and regain some perspective. A therapist who specializes in a type of talk therapy called  cognitive-behavioral therapy  can help you devise strategies on how to reassure yourself and take thoughtful action on your own, instead of needing your partner for comfort each time you are anxious.?? Being Avoidant On the other end of the spectrum, some people with GAD become avoidant of relationships as a way of dealing with their anxiety. They may avoid negative emotions (for example, disappointment or frustration) by not revealing their feelings, opening up, or being vulnerable. A person who is avoidant of close relationships may be experienced as cold, emotionally unavailable, lacking empathy, or even stand-offish, even though they may long for closeness.     Combating Avoidance If you find yourself being overly distant in your relationships,  cognitive behavioral therapy, alson with other types of therapy, such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, may be helpful. A mental health professional can help a person explore past and present relationships and the emotions surrounding those interpersonal connections.?? Treating Your Anxiety and Relationship Problems A therapist will also explore how GAD impacts your relationships. For instance, exploring your emotions more deeply may be a good strategy for someone who tends to be avoidant in relationships. On the flip side, this strategy may backfire for people who are more dependent on others and emotionally reactive. Its important to note that medication is also often an essential part of treatment for people with GAD. While the medications prescribed for anxiety, like selective  serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake  inhibitors, are not curative, they can help decrease your symptoms and help you feel better as you rework your anxious thoughts and behaviors with your therapist.   A Word From Verywell While anxiety  can be healthy (it can motivate people and/or help them sense danger within their environment), for people with GAD, their anxiety is overwhelming and debilitating, which can be extremely detrimental to relationships.   But rest assured, with proper treatment, you can develop healthy, long-lasting, and fulfilling connections with others.

How to Use ABC Books All the Way Through High School

We often think of ABC books as being educational only for young children. However, alphabet books can be successfully used for students in the elementary grades all the way though high school. No, not your typical A is for apple, B is for bear books, but ABC book format. Using the ABC outline  as  a guide for writing  allows for a creative, concise presentation of the subject matter and is versatile enough to use for nearly any age, ability level, or topic. What You’ll Need to Create an ABC Book ABC books are simple to make and dont require anything beyond basic supplies you probably already have in your home or classroom unless you want to get fancy with them. Youll need: A composition book or supplies for making your own book (such as a mini book or accordion book)​Pencil or penCrayons, markers, or other art medium for illustratingSample ABC books (The series, Discovering America State by State  provides a wonderful example of how much or how little detail can be included in a book using the ABC format.) If you want to get a bit fancier, a blank book, available at craft stores or online retailers, is a good option. These books have a blank, hardback cover and blank pages, allowing students to customize and illustrate every aspect of the book. A book intended for journaling can also make a  fabulous option for an ABC book. How to Write an ABC Format Book An ABC format book is an excellent alternative to a  traditional written report and an ideal tool for review. By listing a fact for each letter of the alphabet  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ one letter per page of their book  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ students are pushed to think creatively (particularly for letters such as X and Z) and write concisely. The requirements for an ABC book can be adjusted based on a students age and ability level. For example: Elementary-aged students may be required to write one or two sentences for each fact, A-Z, or even. Primary grade students may even be required only to write, â€Å"A is for†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Older elementary and middle school students may  be required to write a paragraph for each letter.High school students might have a lengthier expectation for written work or simply be expected to include greater detail. All ages should illustrate their work with  the  level of  detail  expected based on their  age and ability level. How to Use ABC Books The ABC format allows for versatility across all subjects, from history to science to math. For example, a student writing an ABC book for science might choose space as his topic, with pages such as: A is for asteroidP is for planetZ is for zero gravity A student writing a math ABC book might include pages such as: F is for fractionG is for geometryV is for variable You may have to allow your students to be creative with some words, such as using words like eXtra or eXtremely for the letter X. Otherwise, those can be difficult pages to fill. When creating ABC books with students, consider using them as a long-term project over the course of a particular unit of study. For example, your students might spend six weeks on one ABC book. This time-frame provides time for students to spend a bit of time on the book each day. Suggest that students complete a rough outline on regular paper or in an extra composition book. They can add facts as they progress through the unit or lesson and spend time developing the concepts before transferring them to the final book and completing the illustrations. Encourage your students to complete their ABC book by creating a cover design and including  an author page on the inside of the back cover. Dont forget your authors head shot! Students  could even write a synopsis for the book on the back cover or inside the front cover, and ask their friends for review blurbs to include on the front or back cover. ABC books provide children with a framework for summarizing facts and details. This framework helps kids stay on track and flesh out the details of the summary without feeling overwhelmed. Not only that, but ABC books are a fun project for students of all ages  and one that might even get your reluctant writers excited.

Pollution Regulations And Its Effects On The Pollution Of...

In the past, industry was a huge source of pollution in the Bay, along with sewage treatment plants. After regulations were put in place to correct these pollution point sources, local governments were required to establish and implement plans for improving the pollution from non-point sources and their impact on the TMDL. After years of committing to specific deadlines for a 40 percent reduction in nutrient pollution and missing those deadlines without consequences, the EPA took another approach, a mandatory pollution diet for the Bay that would include penalties for not progressing sufficiently. The â€Å"three recurring problems in the nonpoint source pollution regulatory framework deal with the voluntary participation, scientific and†¦show more content†¦In order to ethically evaluate the disaster of polluted runoff in The Chesapeake Bay, we would need to consider two different environmental ethical approaches in theory. The first approach to consider would be anthropoc entrism. John Nolt (2013) referred anthropocentrism to â€Å"human-centeredness†, where he claimed it to mean â€Å"For any action A, if we ought to do A, then doing A is good for humans† (p. 442), meaning to do what is good for humans. He discusses environmental ethics to be considered â€Å"value anthropocentrism† were all values are â€Å"ultimately human values and only human values have intrinsic value† (p. 443). The anthropocentrism approach only gives instrumental value to non-human living things, as to what value they have for humans, because they are not â€Å"morally competent beings† (p. 444). With this approach in mind, this would mean that deforestation is good, because building houses and roadways in their place is good for humans, instead of having natural runoff absorbing areas. Or overharvesting of crabs and oyster are good because it is for the greater good of watermen and restaurateurs livelihood and culture, instead of habitat a nd filtration of the Bay. Another approach to consider is biocentrism. â€Å"Moral biocentrism is the view that the property of being biologically alive is sufficient to confer moral standing on a thing; thus, on this view, the well-being of both sentient and nonsentient beings must be

Depreciation and Useful Life Free Essays

Buildings, machinery, equipment, furniture, fixtures, computers, outdoor lighting, parking lots, cars, and trucks are examples of assets that will last for more than one year, but will not last indefinitely. Over time, these assets depreciate. Depreciation is defined as a non-cash expense that reduces the value of an asset as a result of physical or functional factors over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Depreciation and Useful Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, the costs of the fixed assets should be recorded as an expense over their useful lives, since they depreciate and must be replaced once the end of their useful life is reached. Physical depreciation factors include wear and tear during use or from being exposed to such things as weather. Functional depreciation factors include obsolescence or changes in customer needs that cause the asset to no longer provide services for which it was intended or needed. When it comes to computing depreciation, there are three factors that determine the depreciation expense for a fixed asset: the asset’s initial cost, expected useful life, and estimated residual value. And there are also three different ways to calculate depreciation: the straight –line method, the units-of-production method, and the double-declining-balance method. The straight-line method of depreciation provides the same amount of depreciation expense for each year of the asset’s useful life, and is known to be the most commonly used method of calculating depreciation. The unit’s-of-production method of depreciation provides the same amount of depreciation expense for each unit of production. Based on what the asset is, the unit’s-of-production method can be expressed in terms of quantity produced, miles, hours, etc. and is often used when the fixed assets in service time or use varies from year to year. The double-declining-balance method of depreciation provides for a declining periodic expense over the expected useful life of the asset. The double-declining-balance method shows a higher depreciation in the first year of the asset’s use, followed by declining depreciation amounts in the years following, which is why this method is also referred to as an accelerated depreciation method. There are several different types of assets that depreciate over time. Depreciation refers to fixed assets, which exist physically, thus making them tangible assets. In some cases, there are assets that do not depreciate. An example of an asset that does not depreciate would be land since it has an unlimited useful life. If land has a limited useful life, as is the case with a quarry, then it is acceptable to depreciate it over its useful life. One example of an asset that would depreciate would be a MacBook Pro laptop. This is an asset that I would use the straight-line method for being that while computers and technology are constantly changing; devices such as MacBook Pro’s seem to consistently hold their value. Let’s say you purchased the MacBook Pro for $2800 with an expected useful life of 5 years and an estimated residual value of $700, according to the straight-line method of depreciation, it would be calculated as: Annual Depreciation = Cost –Residual Value = $2800-$700 = $420. 00 Useful life 5 Another example of an asset that would depreciate over time would be a vehicle. This is an asset that I would use the units-of-production method for being that the usage and mileage may vary from year to year. Let’s say you purchased the vehicle for $59,900 that is expected to have a useful life of 95,000 miles and an estimated residual value of $19,560, and during the year the vehicle was operated 21,000 miles. According to the units-of-production method of depreciation, it would be calculated as: Step 1: Depreciation per Unit = Cost –Residual Value = $59,900 -$19,560 = $0. 42 per mile Total Units of Production 95,000 miles Step2: Depreciation Expense=Depreciation per unit X Total Units of Production Used Depreciation Expense = $0. 42 X 21,000 Miles = $8,820 How to cite Depreciation and Useful Life, Papers

The Caucasian Chalk Circle By Bertolt Brecht Essay Example For Students

The Caucasian Chalk Circle By Bertolt Brecht Essay The Caucasian Chalk Circle by Bertolt BrechtThe Caucasian Chalk Circle by Brecht uses epic theatre to bring forth an idea or meaning for the audience to consider while entertaining the audience. Epic theatre involves the use of alienation techniques to distance the viewer from the story but still concentrate on the overall meaning. The person who just views the story would likely take it as fantasy and not reach the true depth of the play. Brecht shocks the viewer by making the events and actions in the play strange and abstract this contrasts with dramatic plays where the audience sympathises and relates to the characters of the play. The theme throughout the play is natural justice versus class justice. The title has links to other parables and stories before it. The Chalk Circle, a Chinese play involved a legal action where the false claimant was granted custody due a bribe to claim her dead husbands estate. This however was overturned by the emperor, the guarantor of the law, in a retrial as the emperor was the father. This particular story is a whisper to the result of Grushas trial. The emperor is portrayed as the epitome of justice and gives a true verdict. The trial scene is also adapted from the parable of King Solomon. Solomon the paragon of justice and truth oversees the trial of two mothers, one child is dead the other alive, they seek custody of the alive child. The king asks the child to be cut in half, the real mother relinquishes her claim and thusgains custody of her rightful child. In these two whispers the law is shown to be equated with justice, however Brecht seeks to highlight that within Grusinia this is not the case and it takes a greedy Azdak who despises the upper classes to give a just verdict. We will write a custom essay on The Caucasian Chalk Circle By Bertolt Brecht specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The class justice presented in the novel has close links to the Marxist view of the law, with the law serving all, but in reality it protects and secures the interests of the ruling classes. The play seeks to emphasise that within this class justice the poor can only gain justice under exceptional circumstances. Azdak as the judge and arbiter of justice has come to this position only through a matter of chances and mistakes. Firstly he harbours the Grand Duke from Shauva, then he confesses to the Ironshirts only to be made judge because the Duke escaped. Then through shear chance just before his execution the Duke redeems him and makes him judge, finally making him the arbiter of justice between Natasha Abashvilli and Grusha. This shows that the poor class can only get justice under a system of whims and extraordinary circumstances and thatjustice is intrinsically linked to a series of chances and not linked to the law as it should be in a feudal regime. Azdak finally decides in Grus has favour on the spur of the moment, the chalk circle is a real test, and it is through this test that Azdak decides the childs fate. In order to entertain the audience, Brecht sought to keep the verdict in flux, keeping the audience in suspense as to the final outcome. Azdak although seen as the arbiter of justice between Natasha Abashvilli and Grusha is shown throughout the play as greedy and corrupt when dealing with the upper classes. The humour that Azdak displays toward the upper class is entertaining, he constantly refers to them as arse-holes.. sows.. well-born stinkers. This anal imagery is continued right through the novel. Azdak is so disgusted by the odours the upper classes emit that he occasionally before passing judgement, I went out and sniffed the roses. This helps Azdak give the verdicts he gives to the monied classes such as the Invalid, and the landowner. He swindles them into giving him money for a bribe then turns about and gives a contradicting verdict against the upper classes. This duplicity when passing judgement is seen by the audience but the lower classes see that for once the law is on their side. This is the final hint that Grusha will get the child, as she is good for the child and will continue to do good for the chi ld, contrasting to Natasha Abashvillas intent to get the child only to keep her late husbands estate. The singer sums up the meaning of the entire play, linking the prologue with the stories of Azdak and Grusha. That what there is shall belong to those who are good for it, thus the children to the maternal, that they thrive; the carriages to good drivers, that they are driven well; and the valley to the waterers, that it shall bear fruit. Brecht in the play seeks to highlight the difference between justice and the law within Grusinia. The feudal society, or Marxist society, is shown to have harder implications for the poor than the even distribution of wealth which is the main emphasis of the Marxist state. The Marxist law is not equated with justice for all rather justice for the upper classes, or class justice, where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.